Shutter Speed

Shutter Speed

The shutter speed is the speed in which the shutter on the camera shuts.
The longer the shutter speed the darker the picture would be. The shorter the shutter speed the lighter it would be. The speed of the shutter determines whether the picture is blurry or not. For example.

long shutter speed, medium shutter speed and short shutter speed

The focal plane type is like two curtains over a window. Each is wide enough to cover the whole window. We start off with one fully drawn = darkness. We pull it across to start the exposure a bit of window is exposed. Then the second curtain starts to move, keeping pace with the first. The gap between them is narrow for a short exposure, wider with longer exposure. Finally, the first curtain is fully drawn but the second curtain now covers the window: back to darkness. This type is used mainly in dSLR type cameras.
The inter-lens type works like the iris of your eye, except that most of the time the iris is closed shut. For exposure the iris opens, then shuts again. And how long it’s open is the exposure time. It’s that simple. 
The sensor type works in a completely different way. It is collecting light all the time, that’s how you can see the image on the screen so you focus and frame up. When you make the exposure, the sensor circuits are told to start collecting light, and then the end of the exposure a pulse in the circuits shunts the collected light, now an electrical charge, to under a lightproof cover on the sensor. From there, the charge can be read to create the image.


A photographer that uses slow shutter speed is Milan Malovrh, he uses a lot of horses in his photos and this is one of them.

Large depth of field and short depth of field

Depth of field refers to the range of distance that appears acceptably sharp. It varies depending on camera type, aperture and focusing distance, although print size and viewing distance can also influence our perception of depth of field. This tutorial is designed to give a better intuitive and technical understanding for photography, and provides a depth of field calculator to show how it varies with your camera settings. The depth of field does not abruptly change from sharp to unsharp, but instead occurs as a gradual transition. In fact, everything immediately in front of or in back of the focusing distance begins to lose sharpness, even if this is not perceived by our eyes or by the resolution of the camera. Aperture and focusing distance are the two main factors that determine how big the circle of confusion will be on your camera's sensor. Larger apertures (smaller F-stop number) and closer focusing distances produce a shallower depth of field. The following test maintains the same focus distance, but changes the aperture setting

F/8.0

F/5.6











F/2.8


Since there is no critical point of transition, a more rigorous term called the "circle of confusion" is used to define how much a point needs to be blurred in order to be perceived as unsharp. When the circle of confusion becomes perceptible to our eyes, this region is said to be outside the depth of field and thus no longer "acceptably sharp." The circle of confusion above has been exaggerated for clarity; in reality this would be only a tiny fraction of the camera sensor's area.

When does the circle of confusion become perceptible to our eyes? An acceptably sharp circle of confusion is loosely defined as one, which would go unnoticed when enlarged to a standard 8x10 inch print, and observed from a standard viewing distance of about 1 foot.

Practice

 

High key

I set out to take a picture of this model in  a high key format. I wanted this photo to be 

quite light and nice as it brightens the mood.

High key

In this photo i wanted the whole face to light up and use the high key format. I had problems with the flash so it didn't work so it didn't work how i would of liked it. I didn't like the fact that the flash didn't work but i think it would have looked really good if it did work.

Low key

I set out to take a picture of this model in a low key format. I wanted this photo to be dark a mysterious, also to give a dark feeling.

Camera Shake

With this I set the shutter speed to 1/30 and took a picture while I was shaking the camera.  
Movement appears as blurring of the image. Subject movement will only affect the part or parts that actually move during exposure while camera shake will affect the whole image to the same degree. Yes this is successful because it is blurred. I do like it but I think I prefer the one where it is less blurred with a little shake.

Abstract Motion Blur

With these two photos i took a picture of someone indoors while I zoomed the lens while i pressed the shutter.

 

I took a photo of someone but while taking the picture I turned the camera around.

With these photos i was taking a picture of someone whilst shaking the camera while taking the photo. 

With this photo I took the photo while i was turning the camera and zooming at the same time. 
Using motion blur as a technique for creative photography can be a very satisfying pursuit, allowing abstract fine-art compositions to be created in-camera, needing little in the way of (boring!) time in front of the computer to achieve really striking results. The technique also benefits from being quite straightforward, achievable with most cameras, and also in most choices of location. I think most of the photos where successful but some didn't turn out too well. I did like them as a photo because they look really interesting.  But I think the only one I would use is the technique of zooming in while I press the shutter.

Light Writing and Painting

I had to produce a selection of light drawings and paintings and this is what I came out with. Light painting results when a hand-held light source, usually a flashlight of some type, is used in a dark room or outdoors at night to illuminate a subject. When you make a light painting, your camera's on a tripod with its shutter open for a timed exposure while you walk around and illuminate parts of the scene or subject with the light.

These are my photos from the studio i was experimenting with the lights and paint and I really like the effect that it gives. I think next time I could place the light in a better place but apart from that im very happy with these photos.

Genres

FashionFashion photography is genre based on creative design, usually based on people or sometimes objects with a meaning or just to advertise. It involves taking photographs of models on location and in studios, building up good relationships with the models, so that they can relax and work well for the camera, being able to work well with studio lighting to bring out the best in skin tones and textures and colours from different fabrics, working well with natural bright light (location shoots often take place in sunny places), establishing good relationships with stylists, art directors, agents and fashion editors, identifying and securing future assignments, Developing a personal, recognizable style.


Some successful fashion photographers are Mert and Marcus, who are Mert Alas and Marcus Piggott, top the list for multiple reasons. The breadth of their work across publications (Vogue USA, Vogue Italia, W Magazine, Pop Magazine, Numéro, and more) and brands (Louis Vuitton, Missoni, Giorgio Armani, Roberto Cavalli, Fendi, Kenzo, Miu Miu, and more), their unique style since joining forces in the mid 90s, and their ability to make innovative use of digital technology. Their work boasts perfection, both in their photography and in the presentation of their subjects, which is a result of fine tuned craft and attention to appearance. In the genre of fashion photography, where perfection is paramount, Mert and Marcus are undoubtedly, and continually, at the top of the game.


Another major photographer whose work fits into this genre is Nick Knight came up through fashion, beginning with a book of photographs titled Skinheads that he released in 1982 while still a student in the U.K. He was soon noticed by i-D Magazine, Yohji Yamamoto, and Peter Saville, and has now shot campaigns for the likes of Alexander McQueen, Calvin Klein, Christian Dior, Jil Sander, Lancôme, Levi Strauss, Yves Saint Laurent, and more. He's shown work internationally and was even appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 2010 Birthday Honors. In November 2000, Knight launched SHOWStudio.com, a site dedicated to cutting-edge fashion media. It's been recognized as a huge contribution to the fashion world in its experimental nature and its wide variety of top-notch, influential contributors.


PortraitsPortrait photography is a genre based on people and the way they look, but sometimes they use props in the photos. One of the first things that a portrait photographer will do is meet with the client. This meeting might take anywhere from a few short minutes to an hour or more. During this meeting, the photographer and the client will usually discuss how the portrait or portraits should look. If the client wants a certain look or feel to the photograph, he should discuss this with the photographer. Other options, like backgrounds and lighting will also usually be discussed at this point. Posing is an important aspect of portrait photography. A portrait photographer will often spend several minutes posing his subjects for each picture. While posing the subjects, he will usually need to pay attention to several small details, such as the way a head is tilted or which way hands are facing. The wrong pose can often ruin an otherwise attractive portrait. After the subjects have been posed, a portrait photographer will then take several pictures. Each of these pictures will sometimes have different backgrounds or lighting effects. They will also usually require different poses. Clients can then look at proofs of all the different pictures that the photographer took and pick out their favorites. These pictures can then either be developed or printed by the photographer, or sent away to be processed. In some cases, a photographer may also retouch or otherwise manipulate digital pictures as well.


Some successful portrait photographers are Diane Arbus. Diane started out in advertising and fashion photography with her husband. They became quite a successful duo, with their work appearing in such magazines as Vogue. Her success continued through the 1960’s but sadly, after fighting personal challenges, she committed suicide in her apartment in NYC.



Another major photographer whose work fits into this genre is Cecil Beaton. Cecil was hired as a staff photographer for Vanity Fair & Vogue. During that time there he developed a unique style of posing sitters with unusual backgrounds. He was also a diarist, interior designer, & Oscar-winning stage & costume designer. He died in his home in England at the age of 76.






LandscapeLandscape photography is a genre based on on different scenes it doesn't have to be a natural scenery it could be the scene of a room in a house etc. Doing this type of photography there is going to be a lot of traveling to find the perfect location for the picture. It can include climbing and all sorts to get to this location. You have to bring a lot of equipment with you including different lenses etc because you don't know what the weather is like. You would have to do a lot of research about the place you're wanting to go before you actually go.

A successful photographer that does landscape photography is Ansel Adams, the most famous name in landscape and nature photography, made the American landscapes timeless and eternal for upcoming generations. An avid and enthusiastic piano player, Adams was intending to become a pianist but a visit to Yosemite National Park in 1916 made an everlasting impact on him and capturing the beauty of nature using his camera came as a calling. Ansel didn’t become a full time photographer leaving music at bay, but coordinated both of his loves for a few years. In 1928, after his marriage with Virginia Best, he gave up on his musical inclinations and focused all his energy towards photography. Adams was not only a great photographer but also enjoyed developing new techniques which has been used in photography since then.

Another successful photographer is Galen Rowell. He was a wilderness photographer and a mountain climber. He traveled and climbed mountains all around the world and captured some of the unseen landscapes with tantalizing effect of light and color. His ‘dynamic landscapes’ as well as his books on mountaineering had always been very popular among viewers. Galen developed a GND (Graduated Neutral Density) filter to help him to cover more dynamic range and the filters have been produced and sold by Singh-Ray since than under Rowell’s name. Galen’s 1986 book ‘Mountain Light: In Search of the Dynamic Landscape’ has been a must read for aspiring landscape photographers.

Rules

The rule of thirds













The rule of thirds is basically having something going on in each section on the photo and it not being focused on a specific thing in the photo. It makes everything evenly divided so your eyes don’t get draw to a certain part of the photo. The basic principle behind the rule of thirds is to imagine breaking an image down into thirds (both horizontally and vertically) so that you have 9 parts. The theory is that if you place points of interest in the connections or along the lines that your photo becomes more balanced and will allow a viewer of the image to interact with it more naturally. Studies have shown that when viewing images that people’s eyes usually go to one of the connection points most naturally rather than the center of the shot, using the rule of thirds works with this natural way of viewing an image rather than working against it. These photos use it as the sections are equal and your eyes don’t focus on one thing at a time.




This is a image called “dead tree” created by Jim K. you can see that he has used rule of third by the way that the photo is set out and you can section it mentally.



Triangles 

The rule of triangles it making things look even by using triangles in you pictures. Shapes are an integral part of composition not only in photography but in other visual art forms as well. Distinctly rendered shapes create a direct connection with our eyes and implied shapes let the viewer search for hidden shapes arousing even more interest. Lines and geometric shapes have always been used to entice viewers towards the main subject of interest in a photograph. One of the most common geometric shapes is triangle: the simplest among all polygons. Three distinct edges and the area confined inside the triangle always lure viewers’ eyes.In portraits sometimes a symmetrical triangles is created using eyes with nose or mouth which becomes very evident to viewers. In architecture and landscape photography implied triangles are used in creating aesthetically pleasing images.Triangles have been a part of visual arts since the inception of art form. In Painting, Paul Cezanne, the father of modern new line form of 20^th century who painted one of the most momentous painting series: ‘The Bathers (Les Grandes Baigneuses), used distinct triangular shapes in one of his painting series called ‘The Card Players’ around 1890s. His other works also have a peculiar reference of triangular shapes.